AI and Mental Health

Sources and references

  1. “Mental Illness.” National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness.
  2. London Intercultural Academy. “The Story of ELIZA: The AI That Fooled the World.” London Intercultural Academy, 28 Apr. 2026, liacademy.co.uk/the-story-of-eliza-the-ai-that-fooled-the-world.
  3. Hatch, S. Gabe, et al. “When ELIZA Meets Therapists: A Turing Test for the Heart and Mind.” PLOS Mental Health., vol. 2, no. 2, Feb. 2025, p. e0000145. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000145.
  4. Cristea, Ioana Alina, Madalina Sucala, and Daniel David. "Can you tell the difference? Comparing face-to-face versus computer-based interventions. The" Eliza" effect in psychotherapy." Journal of Cognitive & Behavioral Psychotherapies 13.2 (2013).
  5. The Evolution of Chatbots in Mental Health Therapy. www.alongside.care/learn/the-evolution-of-chatbots-in-mental-health-therapy.
  6. Farhat, Faiza et al. “The scholarly footprint of ChatGPT: a bibliometric analysis of the early outbreak phase.” Frontiers in artificial intelligence vol. 6 1270749. 5 Jan. 2024, doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1270749
  7. Zhang, Zhihui, and Jing Wang. “Can AI replace psychotherapists? Exploring the future of mental health care.” Frontiers in psychiatry vol. 15 1444382. 31 Oct. 2024, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1444382
  8. Minds in Crisis: How the AI Revolution Is Impacting Mental Health. 5 Sept. 2025, www.mentalhealthjournal.org/articles/minds-in-crisis-how-the-ai-revolution-is-impacting-mental-health.html.
  9. Consumer Federation of America. “New Report Highlights Mental Health, Privacy Risks of AI Therapy Chatbots · Consumer Federation of America.” Consumer Federation of America, 22 Jan. 2026, consumerfed.org/press_release/new-report-highlights-mental-health-privacy-risks-of-ai-therapy-chatbots.
  10. Rezaeikhonakdar, Delaram. “AI Chatbots and Challenges of HIPAA Compliance for AI Developers and Vendors.” The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics vol. 51,4 (2023): 988-995. doi:10.1017/jme.2024.15
  11. “My Robot Therapist: The Ethics of AI Mental Health Chatbots for Kids.” University of Rochester Medicine, 31 Mar. 2025, www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/my-robot-therapist-the-ethics-of-ai-mental-health-chatbots-for-kids.
  12. Graham, Rosella. “Lawmakers Introduce Bill to Stop AI Chatbots from Impersonating Doctors, Lawyers & Licensed Professionals - Congressman Kevin Mullin.” Congressman Kevin Mullin, 19 Mar. 2026, kevinmullin.house.gov/2026/03/19/lawmakers-introduce-bill-to-stop-ai-chatbots-from-impersonating-doctors-lawyers-licensed-professionals/
  13. “Helping people when they need it most.” OpenAI, 26 Aug. 2025, openai.com/index/helping-people-when-they-need-it-most. Accessed 7 May 2026.